The purpose of this research is to clarify political process on control and freedom of media in Southeast Asia, especially in Malaysia. The qestion of this research is 1) what roles do media play under the competitive authoritarian regime like Malaysia, and 2) how do the technological development influence the political role of media.

This is the topic on how social movements change politics and society in the post-Mahathir era in Malaysia. This research focuses on mobilization mechanism and results of social movements.

The purpose of this research is to clarify political process on the secrecy, opening, and exposure of information in Southeast Asia, especially in Malayisa. This research focuses on the actors, results, and global trends like the introduction of the accountablity conecpet.