日時： 2016年3月28日（月）3:00pm～5:30pm
場所： 京都大学東南アジア研究所　稲盛財団記念館2階　201号室「東南亭」

言語： 英語

プログラム：
15:00-15:10
Introduction by Masao Imamura

15:10-15:40
“Ethnicity, Vernacular, and Protestantism: A study of the Kachin in Northern Myanmar” by Keita Kurabe and Masao Imamura

15:40-15:50 Break

15:50-16:50
“Dancing Diplomacy: Cross-Border Recognition at Jingpo Manau Zumko Festivals” by Dr. Ho Ts’ui-p’ing

16:50-17:30 Open Discussion

要旨:
“Ethnicity, Vernacular, and Protestantism: A study of the Kachin in Northern Myanmar”
by Keita Kurabe (Tokyo University of Foreign Studies)
Masao Imamura (Kyoto University)

Jinghpaw is a minority language in Myanmar—that of the “Kachin” people, one of seven major ethnic minority groups in the country. At the same time it is the majority language within the ethnically diverse “Kachin” people, who speak a variety of languages. Thus the Jinghpaw language can be understood both as a minority language and a majority language, depending on the levels of minority-majority relations. We shed light on this dual status of Jinghpaw and illustrate how collective identities are expressed both through and against the Jinghpaw language.
Our presentation will first show the rise of the Jinghpaw literacy, illustrating how it has been strongly associated with the Kachin ethno-nationalist movement against the Myanmar government, highlighting in particular the roles played by Christian churches. Since the orthography was established a century ago by American Protestant missionaries, Jinghpaw literacy campaigns have been driven primarily by churches. The church has been recognized as protector and promoter of the local vernacular.
In recent years, however, non-Jinghpaw speakers within the Kachin are increasingly asserting their respective identities. This trend is also generally led churches, which cease to use Jinghpaw and start using their own vernaculars such as Lawngwaw and Ngochang. We will present an analysis of this role played by Protestantism in the vibrant vernacular campaigns in upland Southeast Asia.

“Dancing Diplomacy: Cross-Border Recognition at Jingpo Manau Zumko Festivals” by Dr. Ho Ts’ui-p’ing

The Jingpo in Yunnan are closely related culturally to the Kachin in Myanmar. On 10 January 2013, a demonstration involving over 1,000 Jingpo in Yunnan Province, the People’s Republic of China (PRC) gathered at the Nabang Township border checkpoint on the PRC side of the Myanmar/PRC border, just 100 meters from Laiza on the Myanmar side of the border. Towards the end of 2012, the Myanmar air force bombed Laiza and three bombs landed within Nabang Township in Yingjiang County on the PRC side of the border. The incident attracted much media attention in China. These attacks, in combination with the local protests that followed, compelled the PRC government to become more directly involved in events across the border, including playing a more pro-active role in the renewed peace process between the Kachin Independence Army (KIA) and the Myanmar Army. In turn, the PRC government’s involvement provoked a spike in interest among the PRC Jingpo, who began to express their own concerns and opinions about the war, the dilemma of the Kachin, and the relationship between the PRC Jingpo and the Kachin in Myanmar. This included inserting themselves directly into the diplomatic triangle involving officials of the PRC, Myanmar and the Kachin.
Through an exploration of the history of Chinese Jingpo Manau Zumko festival from 1980 to the present, I make three points about the place of the Manau Zumko in this diplomatic triangle. First, I suggest that the revival of the Chinese Jingpo Manau Zumko festival builds and enhances its Chinese-ness, including its ethno-nationalism. Second, I further suggest that the mutually-constitutive relationship between the Chinese Jingpo and the Kachin has emerged “backstage” in the Chinese Jingpo Manau Zumko activities over the course of this revival. Third, and finally, by borrowing from Rosita Henry’s Dancing Diplomacy: Performance and the Politics of Protocol in Australia (2011), the nature of the Manau Zumko can be seen as “a form of etiquette in diplomacy” that rejoins the Jingpo and the Kachin within the overarching umbrella of the PRC state. Whatever else is going on in the Chinese Jingpo Manau Zumko revival—and there are obviously a lot of other things that are going on—the Manau Zumko is a perfect venue for claiming and recognizing the PRC Jingpo as potential ‘stakeholders’ in the outcome of the peace negotiations that have been and still are ongoing between the KIA and Myanmar since 2012.

Dr. Ho Ts’ui-p’ing is an associate research fellow at the Institute of Ethnology, Academia Sinica, and an adjunct associate professor in the Institute of Anthropology, National Tsing Hua University. She is the co-editor of State, Market and Ethnic Groups Contextualized and Chieftains into Ancestors: Imperial Expansion and Indigenous Society in Southwest China.

Zomia Study Group contacts: Koichi Fujita, Takahiro Kojima, Masao Imamura, Mio Horie (Center for Southeast Asia Studies, Kyoto University)