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現在、北タイ国境には約70箇所以上の雲南人集落があると言われている。本発表では、これら国境地帯に住む「雲南人」が、タイに定着していく過程でどのように"われわれ"集団を形成しつつあるのか、彼らの移動と定着の歴史的過程ならびに、今日におけるネットワークの展開から浮き彫りにしていく。

具体的には、第1に、タイにおける雲南人集落について、文献資料と聞き取り調査によって得られたデータをもとに、20世紀前半から20世紀後半にかけて集落が形成されてきた歴史的経緯とその諸段階を示す。第2に、「雲南人」を構成するサブ・グループである雲南系漢人と雲南系回民（ムスリム）のそれぞれについて、彼らの移住と定着の過程について、口承史から得られた資料にもとづき、微視的に集団の生成過程をみていく。第3に、彼らがタイに定着していく過程で、タイ国家のなかで周縁化されていきながらも、これら両グループがいかに社会関係を構築し、国境を越えたネットワークの展開を図っているのかについて述べる。

最後に、雲南系漢人と雲南系回民が北タイという移住の最前線において、国家や地域間関係に影響を受けながら、いかに「華人」集団形成に向けて葛藤と揺らぎを抱えているのかという点について、雲南からタイへの移住の経験にもとづいて考察を試みる。

Four stands of deciduous dipterocarp forest were monitored for their changes with time in stand structure, species composition, species diversity, tree death, recruitment and growth over 17 years in a well preserved forest area of the Sakaerat Biosphere Reserves, Nakorn Ratchasima Province, Northeastern Thailand.

Each stand composing of different leading tree species was repeatedly censussed in each 1 ha permanent plot at approximately 1 year interval during 1984 to 2001. All trees with DBH 4.5 cm were marked, numbering tagged, DBH measured, species identified, death trees and trees grew to reach the DBH fixed size at 4.5 cm in each census year counted. Stand structure in terms of stratification, size distribution and crown cover were initially investigated in all 4 stands. Their stratifications were observed to be 2-3 crown layers and size structure followed a negative exponential form. The stands were largely opened with large crown opening (gap) and less lateral crown overlapping. Stand density and stand basal area demonstrated moderately dense and less basal area coverage as contrasted to other forest types. Number of tree species ranged from 32 to 37 and being dominated by most dipterocarp tree species followed by some other families and notably some legumes. Based on their ecological importance value indices, they were classified into 4 different community association types.

Over 17 years monitoring, trees undergone changed with death exceeded recruitment although the total stand density, number of species and basal area increased considerably but size structure of trees in each stand was not drastically changed. The major leading tree species could be maintained in 3 stands while in another one stand some associated leading tree species changed. Leguminous tree species were found to be relatively success in recruitment in the 4 stands. Growth of tree was remarkably rapid for those considered to be the pioneer tree species and those belonging to legume tree group while the dipterocarp tree group was less changed over the period of 17 years. With this relatively good control of stands under the biosphere reserve scheme, this forest community might provide a good sample for future stand prescription in forest management and conservation of local tree species in the future national forest management that local inhabitant will be involved as the manager of community forest in the region.

Thailand’s rapid economic growth since the 1980s has strengthened rural-urban relationship in terms of labor migration and flow of commodity and money, and moreover, changed lifestyle, agriculture and economy of rural people in Northeast Thailand. This seminar will bring findings of long-term survey together and examine its implications of and consequence for rural society in Northeast Thailand.

(1)"The Changing Conditions and Future of Rice Growing in Northeast Thailand"by Dr. Viriya Limpinuntana, CSEAS & Khon Kaen University

Rice growing, under rainfed conditions, has traditionally been central to most farm households in Northeast Thailand. Since the early 1980s, many sudden and sustained changes have taken place in the world and in country’s economic conditions and government policies. Examples include cassava market restriction by the European Community, expansion of cane sugar industry in the Northeast, industrial expansion throughout the country, economic crisis, and economic recovery. These changes may have had significant impacts on the livelihood system and farm practices of small-scale farmers in the Northeast.

(2)"From the 1980s to 2000s at Don Daeng Village: Rice-base Farming System" by Dr. Miyagawa Shuichi, Gifu University

e carried out an interdisciplinary survey at Don Daeng village, Khon Kaen province, in the early 1980s when Thai economy is going to shift from agriculture-based to industry-based and village economy from rice-based to money-based ones. In the early 2000s, we again surveyed the same village to monitor the changes in farming and livelihood during the last two decades. A wide range of urban landscape is going to be embedded in the rural village. The talk will focus on 20 years changes in rice cultivation and their implications.