過去のセミナー案内：14年度
2002年7月
- セミナーのお知らせ
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- 日 時：2002年7月11日（木） 15：00〜17：00
- 場 所：京都大学東南アジア研究センター共同棟C307
- 講 師：Prof. Aroonrut Wichienkeeo, CSEAS Visiting Research Fellow, to be followed by a discussion with Prof. Akiko Iijima, Tenri University
- 演 題：The Forest in Northern Thailand According to Palm-leaf Texts in Early 18th Century
- 概 要：
The world is rapidly losing its forests and perhaps in no region of the
world has deforestation been so rapid as in Southeast Asia. While vast
areas are still forested in Myanmar, Laos and Thailand, and many people
still derive their livelihoods from forest resources, the extent and rate
of forest loss in recent decades has sparked great concern. Thus regulation
of forests and their resources is a vital and controversial political subject
in the region.
This paper deals with forest management, but with a focus on northern
Thailand's distant past. Ancient palm-leaf manuscripts from the northern
Thai realm of Lanna shed light on the ways that forest resources were managed
in the past, with lessons quite relevant for the modern debate. The independent
principalities of the Land of a Million Rice Fields, or Lanna Thai, occupied
a mountainous area rich in forests and rice-producing valleys. Complex
arrangements were struck over the management of these resources, both between
rulers and subjects and amongst communities. By the time Lanna became a
vassal state of Siam during the reign of King Rama V more than 100 years
ago, much of the high-value tree species were controlled by European concessionaires,
under contract with local princes, and the process of deforestation had
begun. Prior to this period of increasingly intense exploitation, however,
we can find distinct differences between the ways locals utilized natural
resources then and now.
From the palm leaf manuscripts, including customary laws, local chronicles
and religious texts, it appears that the importance of sustainable use
of natural resources was recognized. From these sources it can be learned
who exercised control over forest resources, how control was maintained
and why certain species or forest areas were regulated. Of particular interest
to those following the struggle over control of the uplands in northern
Thailand today is the fact, revealed in the palm-leaf manuscripts, that
customary laws regulating forest use in the past were not limited to upper
watershed areas, but also prescribed clearing trees along lowland riverbanks.
Today's proponents of strict limits on land use in upper tributary watersheds
- including the forced relocation of ethnic minority communities that have
in some cases resided there for centuries - ignore lowland or riparian
habitats and their role in watershed conservation. On the other hand, opponents
of the Thai state's rapid enclosure of highland areas cite the importance
of considering the watershed in its entirety, not merely the upper reaches.
This paper illustrates that such holistic reasoning was well known to Thais
many centuries ago.
Today in Thailand, problems and conflicts over the use of forest resources are commonplace. The government has a policy to relocate people out of forest areas, while villagers argue that they have cooperatively managed forest resources for many years. They are pushing for the passage of a Community Forestry Act -- a struggle of more than ten years -- that would allow both Thai and highland minority villagers to remain in forest areas, protect the forests and use the resources as they had in the past. Many villages in the uplands of northern Thailand have begun cooperating in areas like fire control and preventing encroachment by outside logging interests. There have been many protests against the many Thai governments of recent years, but the problems have not stopped. This study will help in understanding and affirming past traditions and practices of forest-using communities -- a subject of which the Thai government has shown it has little understanding.
- セミナーのお知らせ
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- 日 時：2002年7月8日（月） 15：00〜
- 場 所：京都大学東南アジア研究センター東棟E107
- 演 題："Dynamics of State Transformations in Southeast and Northeast Asia"
- 講 師：Professor R. Bin Wong, Chancellor's Professor of History, University of California
- 「国家・市場・共同体」研究会のお知らせ
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- 日 時：2002年7月5日（金） 18：30〜20：30
- 場 所：京都大学東南アジア研究センター東棟E207
- 報告者：安場保吉氏(大阪学院大学経済学部)
- テーマ：「東アジア・東南アジアにおける借用技術と技術進歩」
- セミナーのお知らせ
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- 日 時：2002年7月5日（金） 15：00〜17：00
- 場 所：京都大学東南アジア研究センター東棟E207
- 講師・演題：Charles J-H Macdonald, CSEAS Visiting Research Fellow "Urug: An Anthropological Research on Suicide in Palawan, Philippines"
- 概 要：
This presentation aims firstly at documenting a unique phenomenon that
has been observed and analyzed by myself over a period of 20 years, namely
the consistently high occurrence of suicide among a small population of
tribal inhabitants of Southern Palawan, in a far corner of the Philippine
Islands.This goal will be reached by an examination of individual suicide
cases and rates of occurrences that will be critically reviewed and interpreted
on the backdrop of indigenous concepts and values.Such ethnography of suicide
however calls for an interpretation and a construction of human behavior
along the lines of several disciplinary approaches. Suicide offers indeed
a unique occasion to reflect on the basic tenets of interpretative/explanatory
models in social sciences.One is the psychological and psychiatric model
or models, another is the classic Durkheimian sociological approach to
the etiology of suicide; a third is an anthropological construction of
the phenomenon as advocated in some recently published works. Indeed, to
interpret suicidal behavior from locally structured model is another major
way for the social sciences, particularly anthropology, to claim a successful
handling of the question. These various approaches will be briefly discussed
and critically reviewed.Especially, aggregate figures and numbers gathered
during fieldwork will be examined with the view of providing a possible
explanation of voluntary death in Kulbi. Careful scrutiny based on long-term
observation however leads to the conclusion that partial models explaining
suicidal behavior of specific actors and/or social categories fail to provide
a satisfactory explanation to the problem of suicide. In the first place,
they do not account for the overall suicide rate availing in a given population.
Moreover, they also fail to account for long-term trends in suicidal behavior
associated with specific social roles and social structural categories.
In other words, my data show that social-structural features used by sociologists
and anthropologist alike, fail to account for the most basic evidence.As
this presentation is based on work in progress, no final conclusion will
be offered as to the cause or etiology of the phenomenon, but directions
and hypotheses will be suggested.
Outline of presentation
- Introductory remarks
- Geography and Presentation of Palawan people
- Approaches to the problem of suicide
- Suicide in Kulbi: basic facts & figures
- Suicide seen from within the indigenous culture
- Suicide rates & statistics
Conclusions
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