研究プロジェクト

研究会・シンポジウム　平成24年度

研究会

1. The 6th Southeast Asian Studies for Sustainable Humanosphere Research Seminar
2. 日時：平成25年1月28日(月）　14:00 - 16:00
3. 場所：京都大学東南アジア研究所東南亭（稲盛財団記念201号室）
4. スピーカー：Jafar Suryomenggolo（東南アジア研究所特定研究員）
5. タイトル：In Search of the Living Archives: the Discursive and Historical Formation of Archives
6. 要旨：This talk shares some early observations on how archives are kept, guarded, and utilized for the purposes of historical research in our modern times. It will draw upon, and is based on my field experiences in Indonesia and the Netherlands. In both societies, there are differences in terms of the socio-cultural attitudes towards archives. While acknowledging this factor in shaping the institutional development of the archives in the nation's collective memories, this presentation highlights the discursive formation of the archives as a living memory.

1. International Workshop: Authoritarian State, Weak State, Environmental State? Contradictions of Power and Authority in Laos
2. 日　時：平成25年1月18 - 19日
3. 場　所：京都大学稲盛財団記念館３階小会議室 II（331号室）
4. Converners：Simon Creak (CSEAS and Hakubi Project) , Keith Barney (Australian National University, formerly CSEAS)

1. International Workshop: INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT: TOWARDS SUSTAINABILITY IN TODAY'S SOCIETY
2. 日　時：平成25年1月17日（木） 13:30 - 17:30
3. 場　所：京都大学東南アジア研究所東棟1階会議室
4. オーガナイザー：Kok-Boon NEOH（東南アジア研究所特定研究員）

1. International Workshop on Global Powers and Local Resources in Southeast Asia: Impact of International Forces on Local Society and Environment
2. 日　時：平成25年1月17日（木） 9:00 - 12:40
3. 場　所：京都大学稲盛財団記念館３階小会議室 Ⅱ （331号室）
4. オーガナイザー：森下明子（東南アジア研究所特定研究員）
5. モデレーター：Jafar Suryomenggolo（東南アジア研究所特定研究員）

1. International Workshop: Disaster and the City: Historical Perspectives from the Philippines, Indonesia and Japan, 1945-2011
2. 日　時：平成25年1月16日（水） 9:00 - 17:45
3. 場　所：京都大学東南アジア研究所東南亭
4. オーガナイザー：Loh Kah Seng（東南アジア研究所特定研究員）

1. Kyoto-Cornell Joint International Workshop on Trans-national Southeast Asia: Paradigms, Histories, Vectors
2. 日　時：平成25年1月11日（金） - 12日（土）
3. 場　所：京都大学楽友会館
4. 共催：京都大学東南アジア研究所東南アジアにおける持続型生存基盤研究／科学研究費基盤B「戦後アジアの経済発展の環境史的研究－資源・エネルギー貿易の構造分析を中心に」（代表：杉原薫（東京大学））／the Southeast Asia Program, Cornell University

1. 「持続型生存基盤研究」特別研究会
2. 日時：平成24年12月5日（水）17:00 ～ 18:30
3. 場所：共同棟4階セミナー室
4. 話題：林 隆久さん（東京農業大学）「放射能汚染による森林破壊」
5. 要旨：
   私たちは、放射性ヨウ素とセシウムの動態を明らかにすることを目的として研究を始めた。放射性ヨウ素は、樹木の木質成分と結合することが認められ、その結合メカニズムを分子レベルで解明した。これらヨウ素の大半は、樹木の気孔から取り込まれ、細胞壁に結合して固定されることも明らかとなった。一方、放射性セシウムは葉面や樹皮から吸収され、内樹皮から木部（木材となる組織）に浸透した。古い年輪部分となる心材部位に移行したものもある。従って、原発事故によって生じた放射性ヨウ素とセシウムは、広大な森林の中の樹木によって吸収され、ヒトを守る役割を担ったと言える。放射性ヨウ素135Iは半減期が短いために消滅していったが、放射性セシウムとくに137Csは半減期が30年と長いため、森林は放射性セシウムの生物的シンク（貯蔵の場）となった。
   南相馬市林地の樹木が吸収したセシウムの量は、チェルノブイリ原発事故後の近郊のウクライナやロシアの樹木の吸収量に匹敵する。福島県における樹木のセシウム吸収量は、地域によって異なるが、林地を所有する農家の賠償請求が進まない中で生じている問題点、国と地域の間で生じている社会科学的な問題点についても述べる。
6. 問い合わせ：河野泰之（東南アジア研究所　kono@cseas.kyoto-u.ac.jp）

1. The 5th Southeast Asian Studies for Sustainable Humanosphere Research meeting
2. 日時：平成24年11月27日（火）14:00 ～16:00
3. 場所：京都大学東南アジア研究所 稲盛記念会館 ２F 東南亭
4. 発表者：甲山 治（東南アジア研究所）
5. タイトル：Caring for the Geosphere and Active Adaptation: Water and Agriculture in the Tropics
6. 要旨：
7. In the tropics, the geosphere is energy-rich and active, influencing the Earth’s system. It is also characterized by the complexity of its mechanisms, ranging from the local to global circulation of atmosphere and water with their own various time scales. This results in large fluctuations and spatial variations and makes it difficult to make precise predictions. This presentation will focus on caring for the geosphere and active adaptation as major approaches for living with the tropical geosphere. Caring for the geosphere involves learning about its complex mechanisms and its potential performance. Special attention is paid to temporal and spatial heterogeneity and extreme events. Although the complexity and potentiality of the tropical geosphere, including El Nin~o and the Southern Oscillation, has been of great concern among scientists since the emergence of global warming in the 1990s, the down-scaling approach of science has not yet examined the micro-geosphere as a fundamental part of a sustainable humanosphere. This presentation proposes linkages of the scientific down-scaling and up-scaling based on fragmented but elaborate experience and knowledge accumulated in local societies, as an alternative learning process.

1. The 4th Southeast Asian Studies for Sustainable Humanosphere Research Meeting
2. 日時：平成24年10月2日（火）14:00-16:00
3. 場所：東南亭（稲盛財団記念館２０１号室）
4. 発表者：Loh Kah Seng　（東南アジア研究所　特定研究員）
5. タイトル：Nature, Culture and History: Early Thoughts on Floods in Manila and the Humanosphere
6. 要旨：As Manila is inundated once again by floods - brought about unexpectedly by heavy monsoon rains - this presentation offers preliminary thoughts on an historical inquiry into the relationship between human and natural environments. Filipinos are often thought to be a resilient people in the face of adversity (see cultures of disaster, Bankoff 2003). This may be seen in the numerous community-based disaster management projects operating in the country. In my fieldwork with the informal settlers in Barangay Banaba in Manila, many of them have embraced disaster risk reduction efforts implemented by a people’s organisation.
   A historical approach to disasters pays attention to context (including local history), long-term processes, events, and subjective notions about change and continuity. History supports the main ideas of disaster studies in some ways, but also complicates them. Processes like urbanisation, development and environmental degradation have rendered Banaba’s informal residents vulnerable to floods and landslides. This collaborates the contention by scholars (Blaikie et al. 1994, Pelling 2003) that the root causes of people’s vulnerability to disaster are often (macro-)historical. Conversely, their ability to cope with hazards is based on recurring experiences over an extended time; my interviewees tell me, ‘Floods can’t stay forever,’ ‘The flood is only a short time,’ ‘Flooding is regular for us .’ Their attitudes towards living in flood-prone areas combine the agency and resignation that are typical of poor urban migrants: ‘*kung meron lang*’ (if only there was a choice), ‘This is the place I chose.’
   However, there are also signs that communities and cultures of disaster are not homogenous or shielded from change. Informal settlements in Banaba received numerous new migrants before and after Typhoon Ondoy in 2009, straining social cohesion among the established residents. Ondoy also appears to be a catalyst for change in disturbing one’s sense of historical continuity. Residents recall in particular the speed and height of rising waters: ‘Ondoy was the first time,’ ‘it was the end of the world.’ Traumatic experience led many residents to support disaster risk reduction efforts; ‘Every time there is rain, you must prepare for another Ondoy.’ Yet, it is also possible that repeated instances of such trauma may weaken people’s ability to cope with hazards, even when they are offered organisation and technical resources to do so. This point is worth noting as the most recent floods have lasted longer than Ondoy and may be changing people’s ideas about ‘the end of the world.’

1. The Second Southeast Asian Studies for Sustainable Humanosphere Research Meeting
2. 日時：平成24年6月12日（火）15:00～
3. 場所：東南亭（稲盛財団記念館２０１号室）
4. 発表者：Keith Barney（東南アジア研究所　特定研究員）
5. タイトル：‘Green Neoliberalism’ and Other Logics of Order and Authority in Southeast Asia: Perspectives from Forest Governance in Laos and Sarawak, Malaysia
6. 要旨：The concepts of neoliberalism and neoliberal nature have been used extensively in academic geography to understand the last thirty years of post-Fordist political-economic order, and the emergence of market-based approaches to environmental governance. As applied to nature and the poverty-environment nexus, neoliberalism advocates for a broadly coherent set of market-friendly policy reforms, including privatization, commodification/marketization, state de/re-regulation, the externalization of environmental degradation, as well as the increasing subsumption of nature into the logics and circuits of capital accumulation (e.g. payments for ecosystem services). As Karen Bakker (2010) well argues, neoliberalism is a multifaceted concept and can be understood as a political doctrine, an economic project, a set of regulatory practices and a process of subject formation and governmentalization, which are oriented around the concept of ‘governing through markets.’ To counter simplistic ideas of a spreading homogenous geography of neoliberalism, more nuance has been provided through the associated terms ‘neoliberalisation’ and ‘variegated neoliberalism,’ which are used to indicate the contingent, process-based, and articulated relationships of neoliberal actors, policies and processes with national to local political-economic institutions, discourses, and material ecologies. While some scholars now present neoliberalisation as the dominant mode of political-economic and governmental power in Southeast Asian contexts, this presentation will argue for a far more circumscribed understanding, of the power, but also the real political limits and unexpected outcomes, to neoliberal environment governance in the region. I will seek to examine in more detail how neoliberal reforms find eventual political expression in Southeast Asian forest zones. I highlight the uneven socio-natural and territorial configurations that result when neoliberal-influenced projects and policies meet some of the decidedly ‘illiberal’ actors and logics of forest governmentality in the region. Neoliberalization represents a significant and still-useful concept, but I will argue it is far from a hegemonic, meta-rationality in the forests of Southeast Asia, and its limits need to be clarified for it to retain analytical purchase. Examples will be drawn from the author’s research on forest-land governance in Lao PDR and Sarawak, Malaysia. Reflections will be provided on what this research suggests for the continued salience of a Southeast Asian Area Studies in critical social science research, and for efforts toward a ‘Sustainable Biomass Society’ in Southeast Asia.

1. The First Southeast Asian Studies for Sustainable Humanosphere Research Meeting
2. 日　時： 平成24年5月30日（水）16:00～
3. 場　所：東南亭（稲盛財団記念館２０１号室）
4. 発表者：Kok Boon Neoh（東南アジア研究所　特定研究員
5. タイトル：Sampling Termite and Ant Assemblages in Coffee Plantation, Dak Lak Province, Vietnam
6. 要旨：Vietnam is now aptly dubbed the world's second-largest exporter of coffee after Brazil. Coffee production accounts for approximately 3% of national GDP in Vietnam. The coffee industry also provides a livelihood to approximately 2.6 million farmers in Vietnam. Nevertheless, in parallel to the increase in global demand, vast coffee plantations in Vietnam come at an environmental cost. Hectares of forest have been uprooted and excessive agrochemicals have been pumped into the earth. This results in losses in insect biodiversity and indirectly disrupts the interaction of the prey-predator population in given plantation areas. Today, sustainable farming practices are now at the forefront in the development of coffee production in Vietnam due to market threat. However, efforts are still limited where only 10% of coffee produced meets sustainable standard compared with 75% of production in Latin America. Restoration of insect ecosystem services is one of the pivotal steps to promote sustainability in agriculture today. However, termites and ants are claimed to have mixed roles in this context. The present study aims to identify whether both insects provide a service to the ecosystem or if they are a pest in coffee agro-ecosystems in SE Asia.

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