研究プロジェクト

This seminar deals with the remarkable industrialisation of Bangkok and the growth of its population after 1945. Equally remarkable is the earlier long period when there was virtually no industrialisation and much of the labour market for industries and services came from migrants from China. After 1945, the Bangkok labour force increasingly came from within the country. What caused these changes? The argument made in this paper is that a fundamental shift took place in the Thai labour market after 1945 as relative earnings in industry and agriculture shifted in favour of the former.

TBA

It is a reality that the rural people all over Java are experiencing significant changes in their life in the recent modernization and globalization era. The rural farmers in villages in Java, such as in Gunung Kidul in the southern part of Yogyakarta, have gradually become part of the larger world, not only through the flow of people and things in and out the village, but also through the flow of ideas and intervened programs from various agencies. The state’s intervention program is one significant aspect that brought some changes in their life. The presentation will discuss and examine the extent to which the involvement of women as the recipients of those programs has been altering the power relations within the so-called ‘family’ in Gunung Kidul region. The Javanese rural women have been actively carrying out their roles in both domestic and economic domains. Yet, in the past or in their “traditional” Javanese norms, women were not quite involved in social-political affairs as “the husband’s friend at the back of the house” or as konco wingking. In the recent years I observed a growth of women’s role as active and creative agents in both economic and social-political arenas of their life. It is thus significant to examine the extent to which the changes of opportunities and circumstances in village life and women’s empowerment due to various kinds of intervention affect their “traditional” roles as Javanese wives and mothers which may further have some implications on the Javanese concepts and institutions of “household and family”. What are the persisting norms and practices despite some changes?

As an illustration, I will discuss two cases of active and creative women agents in two villages in the regency of Gunung Kidul. Both of them have been exposed to various government programs, including the so-called Farmer Field School in Integrated Pest Management. Some similarities and variations do exist in its implications on “household and family life, their roles beyond the domestic world, and the formation of collective action” in their locales.

Legal reform in Indonesia indicates that the legal position of Indonesian women in inheritance matters is gradually changing. There is no codification of law govern inheritance in Indonesia. Codified legal authority governing inheritance spreads in several Acts, like the Marriage Act, the Civil Code (valid for the Christian), and the Compilation of Islamic Law, or sharia (valid for the Moslem). There are also many Judge Decisions of the Supreme Court on inheritance cases deal with many ethnic groups in Indonesia. The aim of the proposed research is to examine the shifts in women’s positions in inheritance matters, with a main focus on women belongs to some ethnic groups in Indonesia. It criticises the substance of existing legal references, and challenge how it is applied by the court. It will also problematize women’s access to justice in inheritance disputes. The study thus aims to examine how the changing “inheritance law” and its practice are taking place through the dispute cases.

The research will be conducted in three phases. The first is a critical analysis of the legal documentation governing inheritance to determine the position and rights of women in these statutes. The second is documentary research which will look at the law cases available in the Supreme Court Documentation and see how judges have interpreted the law in the court room. The comparative perspective will be used by selecting the law cases deal with inheritance among patrilineal, matrilineal, and bilateral kinship system from various religious background (mainly Moslem and Christian). This third phase is to observe the ongoing court trial. The parties involved in the certain case will be interviewed. The research will be limited to the State Courts located in Jakarta and two nearby districts in West Java (Depok and Bogor). The religious court can be also selected because most of the Moslem settled family dispute in religious court.