科研費プロジェクト
「東南アジア熱帯域におけるプランテーション型バイオマス社会の総合的研究」
研究代表者：石川 登 （プロジェクトのホームページへ）
- 研究概要
- 現在、エネルギーならびに化学製品への変換技術の 革新とともに、石油に替わる有機資源としてのアブラ ヤシの植栽が東南アジア島嶼部で進んでいる。急速に
プランテーションが拡大する熱帯雨林フロンティア 地域では、しかしながら、工業用バイオマス量が増大 する一方で、森林消失、生物多様性の変化、自然資源
に依拠した自然経済（焼畑農耕・狩猟・漁労・森林産物 採集）の脆弱化が顕著である。本研究では、熱帯の土 地・森林開発と環境依存型経済の維持をトレードオフ
関係とみなす従来の前提を超えることにより、生存基 盤の新たな確保の方法を模索する。ついては、プラン テーションに組み込まれた熱帯社会の生存基盤のあ
り方を、ローカルからグローバルにいたる様々な分析 スケールと文理融合的な分野横断型臨地調査から分 析し、熱帯社会の地域益とグローバルなレベルでの
公益、さらには資本主義システムと在地の生態系保全 の併存といった難題への接近を試みている。
- セミナー・シンポジウム一覧
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- Special Seminar
- 日 時：平成23年6月15日（水曜日）16:00-18:00
- 場 所：京都大学稲盛財団記念館３階小会議室Ⅱ
- 講師： Shamsul A.B.
- Distinguished Professor of Social Anthropology, Director, Institute of
Ethnic Studies (KITA), National University of Malaysia (Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia)
- 演題：“From Conflict to Cohesion: The analytical challenge in Southeast Asian
Studies”
- 主催：日本学術振興会科学研究費補助金基盤研究（S）「東南アジア熱帯域 におけるプランテーション型バイオマス社会の総合的研究」
- 要 旨：
- Southeast Asia as a form of knowledge, as being presented in the field
of Southeast Asian studies, popularized and expanded during the Cold War
has privileged what could be called as a ‘conflict approach’ in which the
workings of centrifugal forces as the ruling societal pattern informed
analyses regarding the region and its component countries. Underpinning
this conflict approach was the well-known ‘domino theory.’ Therefore, each
component country was perceived as a domino that would fall one after another
as communism expanded its influence in the region, namely, from Mainland
Southeast Asia (Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand and Burma) to the Maritime
part of the region (Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, Brunei and the Philippines).
Social scientists, working independently or for the noncommunist countries
(USA, UK, France, Germany), held the viewpoint that the internal conflict
and struggle within the region made it fragile and vulnerable to communist
takeover. Saving the region from communist takeover became almost a ‘political
salvation’ for both the noncommunist bloc and the majority of their social
scientists. Although the Cold War was over in 1989, the conflict-based
analytical paradigm persists until today. The countries of the region continued
to be seen as fragile and vulnerable exposed to new transnational forces,
such as global fundamental Islamic activism, that would find roots locally
rather easily. Political analysts often playing the ‘prophet of doom’ role
frequently offer negative predictions about the future of these societies.
It was predicted once that the fall of Suharto would lead to the breaking
down of Indonesian unity as a nation-state. Malaysia was predicted to suffer
from serious bloody ethnic conflicts every time an economic crisis occurred
in Asia. But none of these has actually taken place. Why it didn’t happen
has also to be explained. Perhaps, as this presentation shall argue, that
it is useful to approach this issue sociologically from a ‘cohesion approach’
with the assumption that the plural societies in Southeast Asia are generally
in a state of ‘stable tension’ meaning they have been surviving in a situation
dominated by major societal contradictions but nonetheless, longitudinally,
remains generally cohesive. In other words, there is social cohesion within
these societies, but the journey has not been plain sailing. Empirical
evidence from Malaysia shall be presented as a case study.
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- Shamsul A.B. is Distinguished Professor of Social Anthropology and, currently,
Founding Director, Institute of Ethnic Studies (KITA), Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia. He has researched, written and
lectured extensively, in the last 25 years, on the theme “politics, culture
and economic development,” with an empirical focus on Malaysia and Southeast
Asia. His award-winning monograph From British to Bumiputera Rule (1986,
reprinted 1990, 2nd edition 2004) is a study on the phenomenology of class
and ethnic relations in a Malaysian rural community. His academic activism
takes many forms: conferences and lecture tours in Asia, Europe, North
& South America & the Oceania; public policy formulation in Malaysian
higher education; museum re-conceptualization projects; and as a political
analyst on Malaysia current affairs in local and international media (Channel
News Asia, Al-Jazeera, National Geographic, Australian Broadcasting Corporation
and the BBC). Recently, he was awarded the prestigious ACADEMIC PRIZE 2008,
of the Fukuoka Prize, Japan.
- International Seminar on Radically Envisioning a Different Southeast Asia:
From a Non-State Perspective
- This workshop addresses to what extent Southeast Asia can be reconceptualized,
researched, and rewritten, from a non-state-centered perspective. The principal
aim of the workshop will be to seek a radically different epistemological
approach by taking the state out of Southeast Asia. Professor James C.
Scott (Yale University), who recently published The Art of Not Being Governed
(2009) will also participate.
- The nation-state-centered perspective has long generated a center-periphery
dichotomy in the territory of the state, presupposing the spatially uneven
expansion of the nation. The geo-ecological juxtaposition between hills
and plains, has for instance, laid the basis for a societal model reinforcing
stark differences between these two niches in terms of their political
and economic status, agricultural modes, social mobility, civilization’s
worldviews, religion, and kinship systems.
- In this conventional binary view on Southeast Asia, the upland tends to
be a fixed passive periphery vis-à-vis river-mouth state formations. This
dichotomous model is an archetypal case of “lived essentialism” in Southeast
Asian scholarship (Scott 1999) and is regarded as problematic, as this
simplifying narrative neglects regional complementarity and dynamism constraining
scholarly analysis.
- What is the proto-typical social formation of Southeast Asia, where cultural
plurality, ecological diversity, and economic development predominates
beyond the confines of the state? Recent scholarship on Southeast Asia
has suggested that a state-centered view often fails to investigate the
dynamic responses emanating from the periphery and influencing the center
as well as active agents on the ground. The understanding of upland-lowland
interaction requires an alternative framework, which goes beyond a one-way
diffusionist treatment of power.
- The turn of the century has seen newly emergent scholarship in search of
a radically different Southeast Asian social formation that emphasizes
“non-state space”, “border zone,” “hill-plain continuum,” “colonial arc,”
and “Southeast Asian massif.” These concepts on the spatial configurations
of Southeast Asia all pose fundamental questions on the ways in which ethnographies
and historiographies of Southeast Asia have been produced and will be tackled
in our workshop.
- 日 時：平成23年1月18日（火）-19日（水）
- 場 所：京都大学稲盛財団記念館３階大会議室
- 共催：Asian Connections: Southeast Asian Model for Co-Existence in the 21st Century
Asian CORE Program, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ Planted
Forests in Equatorial Southeast Asia: Human-nature Interactions in High
Biomass Society Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (S)/ In Search of
Sustainable Humanosphere in Asia and Africa, Global COE Program, Kyoto
University,
- 開催日：平成22年12月11日（土）15:00 - 17:30
- 研究会名：第１５回アブラヤシ研究会
- 開催場所：京都大学東南アジア研究所 稲盛財団記念館３階 小会議室Ⅰ
- 共催：アブラヤシ研究会・基盤研究Ｓ「東南アジア熱帯域におけるプランテーション型バイオマス社会の総合的研究」
- 発表者：Pek Leng (independent researcher)
- 題目："The Costs and Benefits of the Oil Palm in Malaysia"
- 発表者：Riwanto Tirtrosudarmo (Indonesian Institute of Sciences-LIPI)
- 題目："Indonesian migrant workers in oil palm plantation in Malaysia"
- 開催日：平成22年11月17日（水） 15：30～17：00
- 研究会名：Dr Lee Hua Seng氏講演会 （基盤研究（Ｓ）代表：石川）
- 開催場所：京都大学稲盛財団記念館3F 小会議室
- 話者：Dr Lee Hua Seng （Sarawak Timber Association会長）
- 題目："Some aspects of forestry in Sarawak in the seventies"
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